Proof of the Existence of God the Creator
(Glorious & Exalted)
Faith in the Existence of
Allah (Mighty & Majestic) is indicated by all evidence: rational,
intuitive, observational, scriptural, and otherwise, from all the proof and
testimony of modern scientific discoveries, which confirm the Existence of this
Creator God, without leaving room for the mind to deny His Existence (Glorious
& Sublime).
Thus, no one can continue to deny the
Existence of Allah (Mighty & Majestic), except out of arrogance and blind
following of vain desires. No reasonable person could claim that this universe
was created or came about by accident or that it came into being without
someone to create it, for that is illogical by the consensus of all rational
beings.[1]
A Summary of Proof for the
Existence of God the Creator
I.
Logical Proof
We see this universe in
existence, and within it things happen that no one in creation has the power to
cause, such as the existence of the universe, the heavens and the earth, the
stars therein, the mountains, the rivers, the trees, sentient beings (humans)
and animals, and more…
We wonder: Where did all of
this come from?
A.
Did it occur spontaneously?
B.
Did it happen without anyone
to cause it?
C.
Did the universe make itself?
These are three possibilities,
but all of them are wrong, so we are only left with the fourth—which we have
not yet mentioned—which is the truth.
As for occurring spontaneously, this
option is rejected by reality, because the likes of such great creatures could
not have been made spontaneously, for every effect must leave a trace of its
owner.
The existence of these great creatures
with this magnificent, regular order, which is not in conflict or disarray,
could not be haphazard, because the reality—what actually happens
spontaneously—is that random changes are not ordered; they are subject to
chance.
As for this universe making itself, the
impossibility of such an option is obvious and self-evident, because this existence
was nothing before it was anything; in fact, it was a void, and a void cannot
produce something nonexistent.
As for the universe coming into existence
without anything to cause it, that would be like saying that it came into being
spontaneously, which as noted previously is impossible.
All that is left to say is the truth—the
fourth option: This existence came into being by a Creator, Allah (Mighty &
Majestic), as in the Saying of Allah Most High,
{Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators? *
Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, but they have no firm
belief.}
[Al-Toor 52: 35-36]
Therefore, this universe is a
rational indication of the Existence of Allah (Glorious & Exalted).[2]
II.
Intuitive Proof
As indicated previously, the
intuitive sense of man's pure nature is too obvious to require proof, because
man believes in his Lord instinctively. Subsequently, when anything happens
suddenly to anyone in the world and that thing poses a threat to him, his tongue
will automatically say, without the person even noticing, "Oh Lord!"
or something to that effect. This shows that man's pure instincts were designed
to believe in the Existence of Allah (Mighty & Majestic).[3]
The Holy Quran draws our attention to this
natural acceptance when the Most High says in the form of a rhetorical
question, {Is not He (better than your gods) Who responds to one in distress,
when He calls on Him, and removes the evil…}[]Al-Naml 27:62]
As such, the human being, with his creation
in this form, with such an natural tendency towards faith in God and His
Oneness, is most certainly a testimony and proof of His Existence, Wisdom and
Absolute Power.
All the pious predecessors of this nation
agree that in the nature of every being there is that which allows him to know
his Creator, that which attracts him to God and binds him to Him, making him
feel ever in need of Him for his existence and self-preservation.[4]
III.
Observational Proof
Human instinct and man's
natural inclination confesses the Existence of Allah (Glorious & Exalted),
which makes man continuously seek refuge with his God and Creator (Glorious
& Sublime) in prayer and asking.
Without a doubt, the fact that the One Who
created man and designed him in this fashion—to incline instinctively and
naturally to believe in Him and His Oneness, and to seek refuge with Him always
through prayer and asking—is surely true testimony and convincing proof of His
Existence, His Wisdom and the Absoluteness of His Power.
Frequently we hear—with doubtless
certainty—about the response of Allah (Glorious & Exalted) to the prayers
of His good, believing servants, especially the prophets and messengers.
Frequently we see with our own eyes that which shows that Allah (Glorious &
Exalted) has answered our prayers and requests. For, how many people pray to
Allah Most High and say, "Oh Lord!" and then see the answer before
their very eyes?[5]
Allah (Blessed & Exalted) revealed in
His Great Book (the Holy Quran) that which proves that He answers the prayers
of His slaves. For example, the saying of the Most High,
{And (remember) Job, when he cried to his Lord, "Verily, distress
has seized me, and You are the Most Merciful of all who show mercy." * So
We answered his call, and We removed the distress that was on him…}
[Al-Anbiyaa' 21: 83-84]
In the authentic Sunnah, it came to the
Seal of Allah's Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (pbuh), that which confirms
this:
The hadith of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be
pleased with him), when he said,
A man entered on Friday while the Prophet
(pbuh) was giving the sermon. He (the man) said, "Oh Messenger of Allah,
our wealth has perished and our avenues are cut off, so pray to Allah to save
us." So the Prophet (pbuh) raised his hands and said, "Oh Allah, save
us! Oh Allah, save us! Oh Allah, save us!" The sky was clear, without a
trace of clouds, but the Prophet (pbuh) did not descend from the pulpit except
when rain was dripping from his beard (may the peace and blessing of Allah be
upon him) from the downfall of rain. The rain continued for an entire week
until the same man came the following Friday and said, "Oh Messenger of
Allah, the buildings have been destroyed and our property is flooded, so pray
to Allah to hold it (the sky from raining) back from us." So the Prophet
(pbuh) raised his hands and merely said, "Oh Allah, around us, and not on
us." And he gestured with his hand. He did not point in one direction
except that it subsided by Allah's Leave, and the people went out, walking in
sunshine.
[Reported by al-Bukhari]
This noble hadith is visual
proof and sensory testament that Allah (Glorious & Exalted) answers the
prayers of His prophet (pbuh).
We would also like to point
out that:
1.
In this noble, authentic
hadith, there is evidence of the truth of the prophethood of the Messenger of
Allah (pbuh), in that one of the signs that he is a true messenger is that his
Lord (Blessed & Exalted) supports him by answering his prayers, especially
when they are seen and heard by many people, so that it serves to confirm his
authority (pbuh) and the truth of his message, in addition to being testimony
for all people in general (all those who learn of this hadith and other signs
of prophethood) of faith and belief in his propethood and message (pbuh), and
therefore, certainty in the truth of his call and the veracity of all he
informed them of (pbuh).
2.
In this noble, authentic
hadith, there is evidence of the mercy, acuity and wisdom of Allah's Messenger
(pbuh), in that he responded to the man's request initially by praying to his
Lord (Blessed & Exalted) to send down upon them rain to provide for their
needs and save them. This was an indication of his compassion and mercy (pbuh).
Then, after the rain continued for an entire week, the man returned a
second time to ask Allah's Messenger (pbuh) to beseech Allah (Glorious &
Exalted) to hold back the rain because of the harm it had caused, so Allah's
Messenger (pbuh) responded to his request, but with perceptiveness and wisdom.
He (pbuh) asked his Lord (Blessed & Exalted), "Oh Allah, around us,
and not on us." In other words, he asked that the rain continue to bring
benefit, but that it come down around the city, not on it, so that it would not
harm its inhabitants.
He
did not come again and ask him (pbuh) for the rain not to come again
since that would bring the destruction and harm of drought. This great wisdom
of Allah's Messenger (pbuh), and his mercy and compassion for those he was sent
to, is a sign and a testament to his prophethood (pbuh) and the truth of his
message and everything he informed us of.
Therefore, all we have mentioned in terms of the response of Allah
(Glorious & Exalted) to the prayers of his slaves is but a summary of
observational proof of the Existence of Allah (Mighty & Majestic).
IV.
Scriptural Proof
As for scriptural proof, it is
too numerous to be counted, for the entire Holy Quran and everything
authentically attributed to the Prophet (pbuh)—all the statements, sayings, and
reports—give proof of the Existence of Allah (Mighty & Majestic).[6]
Allah Most High spoke the truth when He
said about the masterfully-placed verses of His Book, in testament to His
elegant phrasing, for He is the Wise God Who is Well-Aware:
{Had it been from other than Allah, they would
surely have found therein much contradiction.}
[Al-Nisaa' 4:82]
{This is a Book, the Verses of which are
perfected (in every sphere of knowledge) and then explained in detail from One
(Allah), Who is All-Wise and Well-Acquainted (with all things).}
[Hud 11: 1]
V.
Inimitable Proof from the
Prophets and Messengers
There is further proof of
Allah's Existence, Oneness, Supreme Attributes and Absolute Power in that with
which the prophets and messengers came—in the miracles and wonders—which
testify to the truth of his propethood, his message, and his call, since they
cannot be denied by anyone of sound nature. On the contrary, they agree with it
completely.
In this point, we find corroboration with
that before it, in that it is proof and testimony of the scriptural evidence.
We would like to point out that:
The greatest of these miracles with which
the prophets and messengers were supported as testament and proof of the truth
of their call is: the Holy Quran, for it is the Book sent down by Allah
(Blessed & Exalted) upon the Seal of His Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad
(peace and blessings be upon him).
As such, the Holy Quran is the permanent,
perpetual miracle until the Final Hour, since no messenger or prophet will come
after the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (pbuh).
The coming of the Prophet (pbuh) sealed
all messages, which is why it was from Allah's Great Wisdom to preserve this
Great Scripture—the Holy Quran—as an everlasting, permanent miracle to stand as
testament to the prophethood and message of the Seal of the Prophets and
Messengers, Muhammad (pbuh), to the truth of his call and the veracity of all
he was sent to inform us of, in terms of the Existence of Allah Almighty, the
Creator God, His Oneness, Supreme Attributes and Absolute Power…
In that way, the Holy Quran which was sent
down upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (pbuh), due to the
miracles contained therein, testify that it is the Word of the Lord of the
Worlds, irrefutable testimony of the truth of his call and the veracity of all
he came to inform us of.
Allah's Messenger (pbuh) said,
"There did not come any prophet, except that he was given of signs
that in which human beings would believe, and verily, what I was given is a
revelation revealed to me by Allah, so I hope I will be the one of those with
the most followers on the Day of Resurrection."
[Sahih al-Bukhari]
So, no prophet was sent to his people,
supported by miracles from Allah (Glorious & Exalted) except that these
miracles would eventually cease and their influence and persuasive force would
end upon the death of that prophet, which is the opposite of the case with the
nation of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), since his greatest miracle—the Holy
Quran—is permanent and perpetual, even after his death (pbuh). Its influence
and persuasive power has been preserved. This is for no other reason than that
he is the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers (pbuh), sent by our Lord (Blessed
& Exalted) to all nations and to the whole of mankind.
The Great Miracles in the Holy
Quran and Their Significance
It was from the Wisdom of
Allah (Glorious & Exalted) that He sent His prophets and messengers
supported by miracles and wonders, and that these miracles always reflected the
particular gifts of the people to whom the prophet was sent. For example:
The people of Moses (Musa) were known for
magic, and they were exceptionally good at it. Their magic was legendary, and
their magicians were numerous. So Allah's Prophet, Moses, was sent, supported
by Allah (Mighty & Majestic) with the type of skills in which his people
were outstanding. This was so that their beliefs and magic would be
invalidated. Among his miracles (peace be upon him) were: the staff that
transformed into a giant serpent, which was real and writhing. Thus, the
magicians and the people thereafter knew that what Allah's Prophet, Moses
(pbuh), had come with was not magic, for the magicians were the masters of that
falsehood (magic), and they had full and comprehensive knowledge of it.
So, these magicians were the first to
testify to Moses's (pbuh) prophethood and message, and that the miracles he
came with—the staff and others—were supernatural, not simply an elaborate ruse
like the falsehood they had used. They testified that no one could do anything
like that, but He Who could say, {"Be!"—and it was}, none other than
Allah, Lord of the Worlds.
Another example is Jesus
(`Eisa), peace be upon him:
His people were known for medicine. They
were experts in this field. So, the miracle of Allah's Prophet, Jesus (pbuh),
was of the type of activity in which his people were exceptional. Among his
miracles (pbuh) was the treating and curing of the blind man and the leper, by
Allah's Leave. He also raised the dead (one whose death was not the final end
of his term and transference beyond the Barzakh, to the Realm of the
Dead) by Allah's Leave. So, these miracles testified that he (pbuh) was a
prophet sent by Allah (Mighty & Majestic) and that Allah (Glorious & Exalted)
had strengthened him with these miracles so that his people would believe in
his message and call. Thus, a group of people believed in his prophethood,
message, and glad tidings, while other groups were led astray, either by
disbelieving or by exaggeration about them.
As for Allah's Messenger,
Muhammad (pbuh):
The Arabs were known for their rhetorical
style and eloquence. They were people of poetry, literature and other aspects
of this field in which they excelled.
The Holy Quran, which was sent down by
Allah (Blessed & Exalted) upon His slave and prophet, Muhammad (pbuh), was
a great, permanent, perpetual miracle of the type in which his people excelled.
That was in addition to many, many other great miracles which were produced at
his hands (pbuh) as support from Allah (Glorious & Exalted) for his message
and call.
Among the Inimitability of the
Holy Quran (The Great Miracle)
1.
Its rhetorical force and the
magnificence of its language, the precise harmony of its words and structures,
the nobility of its purpose and vision, its challenge to the Arabs—the people
of eloquence and verbal acuity—to come up with even one chapter like it…yet
they were all unable. They failed and were unsuccessful. They dared not accept
the challenge. They could not attack the Holy Quran, not even a single word.
There were among them those who stood fast in their disbelief, yet one would
praise the Holy Quran upon hearing it, "Verily, in it there is a
sweetness; there is an elegance. Its highest reaches are fruitful and its
lowest reaches are generous. It is not human speech." This was for no
other reason than that the Holy Quran is not of human production; it is the
Speech of the Supreme Creator (Blessed & Exalted).
2.
The Holy Quran contains news
of the Unseen which Allah's Messenger (pbuh) would have had no way of knowing.
It came in true detail, just as it was told to him. This news consists of
information about the past, present events the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) could
not see or hear, and also prophecies of the future.
3.
News of amazing, previously
unknown scientific facts which no one fourteen centuries ago could have had any
knowledge of. The truth and precision of what Allah's Messenger (pbuh) reported
has only recently been discovered by modern science. As we have indicated, the
Holy Quran is distinguished in the following ways:
A.
It excels in the degree of its
perfection, its inimitability, and eloquence.
B.
It is exemplary in that it
brings together everything Allah's creatures need in their current lives and
for the Hereafter, in that it came with a pure creed, guiding rituals, proper
standards of behavior, virtuous conduct, and merciful legislation.
C.
It came with information and
amazing knowledge, beneficial instructions, and cogent arguments: one does not
find any aspect of life except that the Holy Quran has addressed it, through
direct statement, allusion or reference. It contains news of the ancients and
their history, and news of those to come.
D.
The Holy Quran is
distinguished in that it provides permanent legislation.
Because the Holy Quran is a miracle that will last until the Final Hour
for Arabs and non-Arabs—to all people, in every time and place—its wonders
never cease.
It
has inspired many, many Arab scholars in a wide variety of fields: astronomy,
medicine, geography…they willingly submit and respond to it.
E.
The Holy Quran stands out in
that it supersedes all previous scripture.
F.
The Quran excels in the
strange influence it holds over the listener. It attracts his heart, takes hold
of his feelings, emotions, and passions.
The
Holy Quran addresses both the intellect and emotions. It offers intellectual
benefit and emotional satisfaction together. Indeed, the disbelievers (despite
their disbelief and association of partners with Allah) used to love to listen
to the Holy Quran.
One could mention many, many
more examples of the excellence of the Holy Quran—this everlasting, supreme miracle—which was sent
down upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (may the peace and
blessing of Allah be upon him).
It is true what we have said about the
Holy Quran being the greatest miracle of Allah's Messenger (pbuh), but it is
not his only miracle (pbuh). The pure, authentic Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh)
and his noble statements, sayings, and actions contain news of the Unseen,
stories of the past, events in the present beyond the sight or hearing of the
Prophet (pbuh), and things to come in the future which Allah's Messenger (pbuh)
could have had no knowledge of, which would then occur precisely as he (pbuh)
said they would, in addition to the allusion to and direct informing of
scientific facts no one at the time knew. Then modern science came along and
discovered the truth of what Allah's Messenger (pbuh) had informed us of. This
is considered one of the greatest of the miracles the Prophet (pbuh) was
supported with by Allah (Blessed & Exalted), to be a testament and proof of
his message, his call, and the veracity of the news he has told us.
This, in addition to other evidence—proof,
miracles, signs in nature—all testify to the message of the Trustworthy
Messenger and that he is the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers.[7]
An Important Point:
Our Lord (Blessed &
Exalted) sent His messenger, Muhammad (pbuh) with upstanding legislation and
guiding rituals, and among the scientific proof that the law Allah's Messenger
(pbuh) came with is from this Creator God is the following:
The Muslim rite of
circumambulation around the Holy Ka`bah (Allah's Ancient House)
The exemplary Muslim rite of
circumambulation around the Holy Ka`bah—the Ancient House—which was prescribed
by Allah (Mighty & Majestic) for them as they were chosen for it, is the
only act of worship that is in complete
accordance and harmony with the order of the universe that was created and
designed by Allah (Glorious & Exalted).
For, Allah (Glorious & Exalted)
prescribed for us to circle the Ka`bah seven times in a counterclockwise
direction, so that the Ka`bah in on our left.
Let us contemplate and closely
examine this congruence and peculiar harmony:
1.
The nucleus contained in the
atom of which all matter is made:
Revolving around this nucleus are small, negatively charged particles
known as electrons. They revolve in seven energy levels, such that the nucleus
has around it seven levels of energy which is the same as the number of
circumambulations around the Ka`bah in Tawaaf.[8]
These electrons revolve in a counterclockwise direction, which is the
same direction as the circumambulation around the Holy Ka`bah. Glory be to Allah!
2.
The earth rotates around its
axis in a counterclockwise direction.[9]
Glory be to Allah!
3.
At the same time, the earth
revolves around the sun in a counterclockwise direction, which is the same
direction as the Muslim rite of circumambulation around the Ka`bah:
counterclockwise.[10]
Glory be to Allah!
4.
Human spermatozoa circle the
ovum in a counterclockwise direction, which is the same direction as the
circumambulation of the Ka`bah.[11]
Glory and praise be to Allah, the Great!
It
is as though moving in a counterclockwise direction as in the rite of
circumambulation around the Ka`bah is one of the pillars of glorification.
All
other celestial bodies—the sun, the moon, the stars, the planets, the meteors,
subatomic particles—all of them move in a counterclockwise direction in their
orbits, giving glory to Allah (Glorious & Exalted).[12]
Human spermatozoa circle the zygote in a counterclockwise direction, the
zygote rotates on its axis in a counterclockwise direction and the Muslims
circumambulate during the rites of pilgrimage around the Ka`bah in a
counterclockwise direction. This image—the image of circling in a
counterclockwise direction around the nucleus during glorification, as the
Muslims circumambulate the Ka`bah, as the earth revolves around the sun, as
galaxies revolve around a black hole—reveals to us the harmony of Islamic
scripture with the order of the universe, which shows that the Creator of this
universe is He Who sent down to us the true religion which uncovers for us the
laws of the universe. Indeed, it is Islam.
This
sort of congruence and harmony between the law and worship with which the
Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came and the laws of the universe cannot be received
by a sound mind with anything less than absolute conviction.
1)
The One Who prescribed to
Muhammad (pbuh) this upstanding law and guiding rituals must necessarily be the
Supreme God, Creator of the universe.
2)
The Attributes of this Creator
God must necessarily be exactly equivalent to that which Allah's Messenger,
Muhammad (pbuh), informed us and precisely as he preached.
It
is commonly known that Allah's Messenger (pbuh) preached the confirmation of
the Existence of this Great Creator God (Glorious & Exalted).
He
(pbuh) preached the Oneness of this Great Creator God, in accordance with the
Saying of the Most High, {Say, "He is Allah, the One."}[Al-Ikhlas
112:1]
The
Messenger of Allah (pbuh) taught the glorification of this Creator God and His
exaltation above any partner, equal, rival, peer or son, as Allah Almighty
says, {So know that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah.}[Muhammad
47: 19] and {"He begets not, nor was He begotten."}[Al-Ikhlas 112: 3]
The
Messenger of Allah (pbuh) told us of the Supreme Attributes of this Creator God
(Glorious & Sublime), of His Absolute Power, His Comprehensive Knowledge,
and His Complete Wisdom. As the Almighty has said, {There is nothing like unto
Him}[Al-Shura 42: 11], {"And there is none co-equal or comparable unto
Him."}[Al-Ikhlas 112: 4]
VI.
Scientific Proof
A materialistic, atheistic man
at the beginning of time might have imagined, meek creature that he was, that
an enormous star like the sun, which he saw every day without change in its
form, was eternal and that it would remain like that forever, for he had always
seen it that way without change.
The philosophers postulated the
agelessness of celestial bodies and their eternity, meaning that they were not
created and that they had been the way they were since time immemorial.
Modern science, however, has now confirmed
completely that the rays produced by the sun diminish its mass (even if the
amount it is diminished is infinitesimal compared to its size), which will lead
to its end one day in the future, though that may indeed be far distant.
With that, modern science invalidated the
saying of the philosophers and deniers of the Existence of God that the sun or
any of the other stars is eternal, and likewise the other celestial bodies and
planets. Since they have a date of beginning, then by definition, they must
also have an end.
Then, these philosophers who denied the
Existence of God, the Creator, came and said that the atom (matter) is eternal,
but physics has invalidated this assumption. It has demonstrated that the atom
itself is made up of other subatomic particles, such as the electron, the
neutron and the proton.
Then, it showed that these subatomic
particles themselves are made up of smaller parts, the latest of which
physicists call the 'quark.'
One might say that the quark
is eternal matter, but that would also be wrong because:
1)
That would be to speak without
knowledge, since a quark does not contain anything that would indicate it is
eternal or that it itself is not composed of smaller particles as was
previously postulated about the atom, especially if technology advances and
develops more than it is now, which it will undoubtedly do, for advances in
technology now happen at an amazingly swift pace.
2) If
these quarks, or anything other 'sub-quark-ian' particles that may one day be
discovered to be smaller or more minute than the quark, are ever found to be
the smallest particles, then this form of matter (quarks or otherwise) must
necessarily be self-sufficient, independent in their existence from others. In
other words, they do not cease to exist, they do not change, and they do not
get exchanged. Yet, that, too, is incorrect, since:
Modern science has established that these particles are subject to
transformation into energy, and that energy itself is subject to transformation
into matter, so that what we call hydrogen, for example, and what we call light
energy are in reality two sides of a coin, since:
Energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared (E=mc²).
This
ability to transform indicates: that its ability to remain in a particular form
was reliant on external factors, meaning: as long as these factors persist, it
remains in one form.
Therefore, its existence does not depend on itself.
Therefore: It cannot possibly be eternal.
Another result of this is: that matter in any of its forms is subject to
destruction, for matter does get created and destroyed, since it can be broken
down or transformed into other forms of matter or energy, and anything that can
be broken down or transformed is not eternal.[13]
VII.
Cosmological Proof
Modern science has discovered
in the field of cosmology a fact of the utmost importance that was not
previously known.
The science of cosmology has discovered
that the universe is expanding in continuous sequence, such that its galaxies
are moving away from each other, constantly and very quickly, and that what is
moving apart is the place where these galaxies are located, and through the
expansion of this place, the distance between the galaxies located therein is
increasing, even as they continue to move in their constant, stable orbits.
Cosmologists have tried to explain this
strange phenomenon, and as a result, two well-known theories have been
proposed. These two theories are:
A.
The Infinite Universe Theory
(The Theory of Continuous Creation), otherwise known as: Steady State Theory
B.
The Big Bang Theory
These two theories were formed
to explain what had been discovered: the stable density of the universe,
despite the increasing distance between its parts.
A)
The Theory of Continuous
Creation (Steady State Theory):
The Theory of Continuous
Creation explained the stable density of the universe despite the increasing
distance between its parts by postulating that: matter comes and takes the
place of matter that has moved away, which is how the universe maintains its
density despite its expansion. Then they said: It is like that, for the
universe is in a steady state and it has been that way forever; it has no
beginning and no end.
Then came the question that invalidated
this deduction, and therefore the theory: Where did this matter come from?
Some of the proponents of this theory—at
the beginning—said that it was created from nothing, but many objected to
saying something like that, since nothing cannot create something.
Before long, scientists discovered facts
that brought this theory to its death. They found incontrovertible evidence
that the universe does not remain in one state as this theory postulated, which
is why it was called Steady State Theory.
It was proven that the universe was in a
state of change, contrary to what this theory proposed, and the theory could
not explain the change. That is why scientists have turned away from it toward
another theory: the Big Bang Theory.[14]
B)
The Big Bang Theory
This theory proposes that: If
the universe has been expanding to this day, then it must have once been more
condensed, and if we imagine the progression of these galaxies in the opposite
of the direction in which they are expanding today, meaning if we imagine them
getting closer and closer together, then it would have been one piece equal in
size to the collective size of the galaxies it was made of.
However, physicists say that however much
these galaxies move closer together and compact, their density increases, as
would the strength of their attraction, so they would become more stuck
together, the empty spaces between the stars that form the galaxies would
compress, the force of gravity would increase on the stars themselves, and in that
way, the pressure would continue until all the matter from which the universe
was formed would become the size of an atom. The pressure would then continue
until this matter was as small as possible.
This extremely compressed matter and
tremendous amount of energy would explode, its parts spreading out in the form
of rays. Then it would begin to cool, and gradually the universe we see would
have formed from it.[15]
Then came the important question:
Where did this matter that the universe
was created of come from?
Is it possible that this matter came from
nothing?
Of course not; nothingness cannot create
anything.
Then, where did it come from?
The confirmed solution is: without a
doubt, God the Creator brought it into being from nothingness—the Creator of
everything—and He (Glorious & Exalted) is characterized by Absolute Power,
and His Attributes are wholly dissimilar to those of His creatures. If He wills
something, He must only say, "Be," and it is. Glory be to Allah, the
Almighty!
A crucial note:
We would like to point out
that the Holy Quran gave an indication of this theory (the Big Bang Theory). In
fact, it raised it from being a hypothesis—though scientists inclined more
toward it than other hypotheses—to being a certified fact, for, as we indicated
earlier, it is necessary to believe in Allah's prophets and messengers, and to
believe in the Divine Scriptures with which they were sent, including all that
is contained therein.
For Allah (Glorious & Sublime) revealed
to us in the Holy Quran,
Have not those who disbelieve known that the
heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted
them? And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then
believe?
[Al-Anbiyaa' 21:30]
The words, {kaanataa ratqan},
mean that the heavens and the earth were joined together, not at a distance, {fa-fataqnaa-humaa},
meaning: We separated them, i.e., the heavens and the earth.
Thus, this Noble Verse calls us to
contemplate how this universe we see began, to come to know its Creator, and to
believe in Him, His Glorious Attributes and the Absoluteness of His Power.
As such, this Noble Verse is amazing,
inimitable, scientific proof, which bears witness to the veracity of the Words
of the Lord of the Worlds as sent down upon the Seal of His Prophets and
Messengers, Muhammad, may the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him.
VIII.
The Proof of Meticulous Care
Whoever contemplates this
universe created by Allah (Glorious & Exalted) finds it in the utmost
balance, proportionate to an unimaginable extent.
How, then, could this astonishing balance
be possible if the universe was created haphazardly?
Anyone who thinks about this universe and
all the creatures in it can see that it is not a random assortment of beings;
it is systematically ordered and intricately designed. There is a purpose
behind it which indicates that this universe and all the creatures and beings
therein have an All-Knowing, All-Wise Creator.
Thus, we find that the movement of these
creations and beings is well-balanced; one does not interrupt the other. In
fact, the laws that govern them are one; they do not differ in time or place,
except when God the Creator wills them to differ. That in itself is a miracle leading
us to Him (Glorious & Exalted), to His Absolute Power, and to the glory of
His creation.[16]
Thus, we should know that there is no
contradiction between a thing being created and there being a cause for its
creation. Indeed, it is the Way of Allah (Glorious & Exalted) to create
with reasons, for He (Glorious & Exalted) is the Creator of these causes
and He is the One Who makes the causes.
Thus, everything we see and witness in
terms of incredible balance and precise order in this universe is proof of the
meticulous care of Allah (Glorious & Exalted) over his creation.
To shed light on some of that which will
demonstrate this glorious balance and meticulous harmony in the order of the
universe, in which there is proof of the Perfect Wisdom of this Creator God and
the gloriousness of His handiwork, and an indication of His Great Care
(Glorious & Exalted) in His creation.
1.
The Saying of Allah Most High:
{Have We not made the earth as a bed * And the
mountains as pegs? * And We have created you in pairs * And have made your
sleep as a thing for rest. * And have made the night as a covering * And have
made the day for livelihood. * And We have built above you seven strong
(heavens) * And have made (therein) a shining lamp (the sun) * And have sent
down from the rainy clouds abundant water. * That We may produce therewith corn
and vegetation * And gardens of thick growth.}
[Al-Naba' 78: 6-16]
Let us contemplate these Noble Verses from the Book of Allah (Glorious
& Exalted) which call us to ponder the signs and creations of Allah Most
High—to think about the relations between every one of these creations and the
other, and their benefits, interests and purposes which point to the care Allah
(Glorious & Exalted) shows towards His creation.
2.
The earth we live on is
enormous in relation to us, yet it does not equal the size of an atom in
relation to this great universe. Were it the size of the moon, the force of its
gravity would be one-sixth the strength of its current gravity. The result
would be that it could not hold the water and air around it, as is the case on
the moon where there is no water and which is not surrounded by an atmosphere.
The cold at night would be so extreme that it would freeze anything on it and
the heat in the daytime would burn anything on it.
On
the other hand, if the circumference of the earth were twice its current size,
the force of its gravity would be double. Then its atmosphere would be
compressed, which would produced pressure which would have a negative effect on
the life we live. The bigger the earth's size, the more this pressure would
make it impossible for living beings to exist.[17]
3.
The earth completes one
rotation around its axis every twenty-four hours. This means that it spins
around its axis at a speed of 1,000 miles per hour.
Were
we to suppose that this speed were to slow down to 200 miles per hour, the
length of night and day would be ten times as much as they are now. As a
result, the sun (at its present strength) would burn everything above the earth,
and anything still left would fall victim to the intense cold at night.[18]
4.
The earth's crust: If the
earth's crust were thicker than it is now by 10 feet, there would be no oxygen,
since the earth's crust would absorb the oxygen, thus making life impossible.
5. Water
vapor: If the bottom of the oceans were a few feet deeper than they are now,
they would attract oxygen and the carbon dioxide that plants take in to produce
the oxygen necessary for life. This would make it impossible for plants to
exist on the earth and life would cease to exist without oxygen.[19]
6.
The atmosphere: If the
atmosphere were thinner than it is now, meteors would penetrate it, and they
would fall to the earth and burn it.[20]
7.
The sun: If the sun were
closer to the earth by half its present distance, the leaves would burn from
its heat, and if it were farther away by twice the current distance between it
and the earth, the extreme cold that would result from that would extinguish
all life on the face of the earth.
Were
the sun's place taken by another star many times as hot as it, the earth would
be a terrible furnace.[21]
There are many, many more examples of this incredible equilibrium and
delicate proportion in the order of the visible universe. This indicates the
meticulous care Allah (Glorious & Exalted) shows with His creation and the
way He protects them. It is proof of His Existence, His Wisdom and the glory of
His handiwork.
IX.
The Moral Proof
Moral values, such as honesty,
loyalty, justice, and more, are qualities necessary for the existence of human
society. Without these values, there could be no social relations or any
relations of any kind. Honesty and other virtues and moral values are a
societal necessity. The more virtuous its members, the more cohesive the
society will be, and the greater the incentive for the sciences, technology,
and economy to flourish, all other conditions provided.[22]
In the absence of God-worship and
religion, there is a void of such moral values, in that:
The incentives necessary to make it
imperative to hold such values are not present.
For example:
An honest man finds no reward for his
honesty. In fact, there might not be anyone else who holds these values to
reward him for his adherence and reciprocate these values and virtues.
Lying might be a means (though it is
wrong) to prevent harm from reaching a person or it might be a means of
attaining something to which he has no right. In that case, the individual
would not hesitate to lie or commit any other vice in order to prevent any harm
from coming to him or to get something he is not entitled to, since the
motivation required for this restraint and avoidance of vice is not present.
For he is not on the path shown to us by a
Wise, Just, Creator God…
The valiant and good would not be rewarded
and the wicked and corrupt would not be punished, and there would be no other
realm for either one to be rewarded or recompensed in.
As such, whoever upholds these virtues and
moral values, even at the loss of some worldly benefit, would say to himself:
For what do I sacrifice such worldly
benefits and lose such temporary pleasures, if there is no reward for the
virtues and moral values I uphold?
At that time, the light of goodness would
be stripped from this universe, and nothing would remain but perilous darkness
which annihilates all standards of good and evil. Even exterminating whole
peoples with bombs would not be considered unjust, for they themselves would
one day meet their death. There would be no God to bring the unjust to account
for their actions or to restore the rights of those who had been wronged.
Though the atheist who denies the
Existence of God the Creator upholds some of these moral values, such as
honesty, loyalty, and justice, for example, he contradicts the essence of his
principles when he refuses to believe something true if it would cost him some
benefit, for he temporarily abandons his principles and reason.
On the other hand, the true believer—who
has faith in Allah (Glorious & Exalted), the Creator of all things—is
completely the opposite.
When he lies, for example, he has chosen
a path contradictory to his principles and reason, and when he tells the truth,
he is in harmony with them, and therefore with his pristine nature.
For all human beings are created to know
instinctively that these moral values are something he should uphold and adhere
to, for they are a part of his rational nature. People therefore feel happiness
and pleasure when they uphold these virtues (as long as their sound nature has
been preserved), and if they do not uphold these moral values, they feel sad
and dejected.
This proves that the placement of such
moral values in man's nature must necessarily have been done by a Wise Planner,
and that there must necessarily be a Creator of this sound nature.
In other words, there must exist a God Who
Created this universe and everything in it, and He (Glorious & Sublime)
must be the One Who designed man with such a perfect, sound nature.
To conclude this current section, we would
like to point out that:
If it were possible that the universe
created itself, that would mean that it enjoys the attributes of the Creator,
in which case we would have to believe that the universe is God, and we would
have to stop admitting that the universe has a God. However, that would be
strange because it would be a material and immaterial god all at once![23]
So we see that this statement is invalid
and corrupt.
Yet we believe in the God Who created the
material world, Who is not a part of this universe, but Who is, in fact, its
Sovereign and Designer.
[4]
The Issue of Divinity and
Religion (Qadiyyat
al-Uluhiyyah wal-Din), by Dr. Muhammad al-Sayyid al-Julaynid
[7]
Please refer to the book, Muhammad
(sws) Truly Is the Prophet of Allah, by the author. You may refer also to
its main references—books and special edition audio recordings on the
scientific miracles in Quran and Sunnah, especially those by Dr. Zaghlul
al-Naggar.
[8]Scientific Miracles in the Quran and What the
Wombs Hide (I`jaaz
al-Quraan fimaa Takhfeehi al-Arhaam) Karim Naguib al-Agharr
[13]
Summarized from the book, Physics
and the Existence of a Creator (Al-Fisiyaa' wa Wujood al-Khaaliq),
by Dr. Ja`far Shaikh Idris
[22]
Summarized from the book, Physics
and the Existence of the Creator (Al-Fisiyaa' wa Wujood al-Khaaliq),
by Dr. Ja`far Shaikh Idris
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